U.S. Navy Selects Ingalls Shipbuilding for Future Small Surface Combatant Design
On December 19, 2025, the U.S. Navy revealed its partnership with Ingalls Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII), to design and construct a new small surface combatant (SSC). This strategic initiative follows the termination of the Constellation-class frigate program, which faced significant challenges and delays.
Rationale Behind the Shift
The decision, articulated by U.S. Secretary of the Navy John C. Phelan and Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Darryl Caudle in a public announcement, aligns with the Navy’s urgent requirement to expand its fleet to counter evolving maritime threats. Phelan underscored the necessity for accelerated fleet growth when he stated, “The need to grow the fleet faster to meet tomorrow’s threats is a key factor in this decision.”
Transition from Constellation-class Frigate Program
- Date of Termination: November 25, 2025
- Current Status: Two ships under construction by Fincantieri Marinette Marine in Wisconsin
- Motivation: Shift towards a robust frigate class derived from the proven Legend-class National Security Cutter design.
The Legend-class cutters have shown their effectiveness in safeguarding U.S. interests both domestically and overseas, making this a strategic choice for increasing operational readiness.
Characteristics of the New Frigate (FF(X))
Designated as FF(X), the forthcoming small surface combatant aims to be a versatile platform tailored for various missions beyond traditional surface warfare. Its design will facilitate:
- Modular Payloads: Capable of adapting to diverse operational needs.
- Unmanned System Integration: Enhanced capabilities for coordination with drones and unmanned vessels.
Admiral Caudle reinforces the importance of this initiative by stating, “Our small surface combatant inventory is a third of what we need,” emphasizing the gaps in blue-water operations. The FF(X) seeks to fulfill a critical role in maintaining the focus of guided missile destroyers (DDGs) on high-end engagements.
Operational Flexibility and Readiness
According to Navy statements, small surface combatants are vital for carrying out an array of tasks where deploying larger warships is impractical. The FF(X) will:
- Augment Fleet Operations: Assume a greater share of routine missions.
- Improve Adaptability: Ensure mission-readiness across diverse maritime scenarios.
The design philosophy for the FF(X) mirrors that of the highly successful Arleigh Burke destroyers, emphasizing both initial construct quality and incremental upgrades in response to advancing threats and technologies.
A Commitment to American Industry
In a bid to assure operational independence, Phelan highlighted that this program will be exclusively American, relying on domestic resources and suppliers. He articulated the importance of utilizing an established logistics and maintenance network while remarking, “Other countries will always prioritize their fleets, not U.S. ships that depend on foreign industry.”
Strategic Timeline and Objectives
- Presidential Approval: Confirmed as part of the Golden Fleet strategy.
- Launch Objective: First hull expected to be launched in 2028.
To ensure timely delivery of combat-ready vessels, a dual approach of establishing a lead yard coupled with a competitive follow-on strategy for multi-yard construction will be adopted. The effectiveness of these shipyards will be judged based on their ability to expedite combat power delivery.
Industrial Base Implications
Chris Kastner, President and CEO of HII, expressed confidence in the partnership, stating, “Speed matters, and the NSC ship design is stable and producible,” which is crucial for maintaining predictable production schedules. The Ingalls Shipbuilding facility is currently engaged in multiple projects, including:
- DDG 51 Flight III Arleigh Burke destroyers
- America-class amphibious assault ships (LHAs)
- San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock ships (LPD Flight II)
- Modernization of Zumwalt-class guided missile destroyers, integrating advanced systems such as the Conventional Prompt Strike hypersonic weapon.
Ingalls Shipbuilding has a robust legacy, having supported the U.S. Coast Guard with ten Legend-class National Security Cutters, with the last being delivered in October 2023.
By streamlining operations and leveraging proven designs, the U.S. Navy aims to enhance its capabilities to address both current and emerging challenges in maritime security. The FF(X) initiative marks a pivotal advancement in transforming U.S. naval power for future engagements.
