Operational Challenges and Readiness Concerns in the Air Force’s F-35 Program

Overview of Current Issues

U.S. senators recently emphasized the pressing need for the Air Force to address concerning mission-capability rates and escalating sustainment expenses related to the F-35A fighter jet. During a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, concerns were raised about the number of operational aircraft being grounded, underscoring the urgency for improvements in aircraft readiness metrics.

Key Points from Senator Remarks

Senator Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), chairman of the committee, articulated that while the F-35 is recognized as the preeminent fighter globally, many units remain inactive on the tarmac. He stated, “The readiness rates of our aircraft continue to fall short of Pentagon goals.” Wicker warned that the Air Force’s ability to project power is compromised when its most advanced platform is grounded.

Leadership Transition and Challenges

The remarks were directed at General Kenneth Wilsbach, the nominee for Chief of Staff of the Air Force and former commander of Air Combat Command and Pacific Air Forces. His appointment follows the unexpected announcement of current Chief of Staff General David Allvin’s retirement, which will take effect in November. Allvin’s departure coincides with a significant organizational shift within the Air Force aimed at countering emerging threats primarily from China.

Legislative Focus

While senators refrained from delving into Allvin’s abrupt exit or the administration’s military deployment strategies involving the National Guard, they predominantly scrutinized the Air Force’s technical hurdles, notably regarding the F-35’s supply chain and maintenance challenges.

Sustainment Issues and Performance Metrics

Reports from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reveal persistent delays in the delivery of F-35s by Lockheed Martin, often lacking critical upgrades. Between 2019 and 2023, mission-capability rates for the aircraft fluctuated between 51% and 71%, concurrent with rising sustainment costs.

• Key Findings:
  • Late deliveries and inadequate upgrades by Lockheed Martin.
  • Mission-capable rates fail to meet established targets.
  • Sustained increase in operational costs impacting overall program effectiveness.

Senator Jack Reed (D-R.I.), the committee’s ranking member, stressed the necessity for operational F-35s, stating that prolonged inactivity can negatively impact pilot retention. General Wilsbach concurred, advocating for an increase in funding for weapons sustainment to ensure that parts are readily available when needed, stating, “We definitely have to invest in those accounts so that the parts are on the shelves when the aircraft flies.”

Budget Implications

The ongoing deliberations surrounding the 2026 defense budget propose the acquisition of 47 F-35s, including 24 A-models for the Air Force. However, the recently passed reconciliation bill did not allocate additional funding for the F-35 program. Consequently, the Pentagon retains discretion over the allocation of these financial resources.

When questioned about adhering to congressional intent regarding the reconciliation funds, Wilsbach chose not to provide a definitive response, stating his commitment to execute funding legislation in accordance with the law while striving for optimal outcomes.

Strategic Focus and Future Investments

General Wilsbach inherits a strategic framework developed under his predecessor, which prioritizes adjustments necessary for great power competition, particularly with China. While he did not commit to the continuation of these reoptimization efforts, he acknowledged the need for enhanced investment to address national security concerns posed by China.

Strategic Priorities

• Homeland Defense: Identified as the paramount priority.
• Power Projection: The Air Force must enhance its capacity to project power into critical regions to deter conflict or ensure victory if necessary.

Wilsbach noted, “The Air Force must deliberately preserve our high-end readiness for the nation’s most consequential challenges,” recognizing the imperative to balance homeland defense with international obligations.

Conclusion

The Air Force faces critical operational challenges necessitating immediate attention to the F-35 program’s readiness and sustainment capabilities. With leadership transitions underway, the strategic direction and funding priorities will be instrumental in determining the effectiveness of the F-35 platform in meeting both current and future defense challenges. As these discussions continue, the successful resolution of these issues will be pivotal in maintaining U.S. air superiority and global strategic interests.