Leonardo’s Response to Emerging Threats: An Integrated Multi-Domain Approach

During the Seafuture 2025 exhibition, Leonardo presented its strategic vision for countering emerging defense challenges through a multi-domain integrated solutions framework. This approach was elaborated upon by Matteo Cardone, Deputy Managing Director of Electronics Division Land & Sea Business at Leonardo, during a conference hosted by the Italian Ministry of Defense’s Naval Armaments Directorate.

Expanding Threat Spectrum

Cardone articulated a shift in the defense landscape, encapsulated in the phrase “From High and Fast to Low and Slow.” This shift references an expanding spectrum of threats, which necessitates innovative integrated solutions.

System-of-Systems Approach

Leonardo proposes addressing contemporary threats through three primary components:

1. Networked Systems of Systems:

   • Transitioning from traditional vertical layers to a horizontal network of platforms across various domains.
   • Aimed at countering high-end threats, including hypersonic and long-range ballistic missiles.

2. Advanced Sensor Capabilities:

   • Developing sensors to enhance the detection and tracking of emerging threats.
   • Interface with next-generation interceptors like the Aquila system by MBDA and HYDIS² from a European consortium.

3. Countering Swarm Drone Attacks:

   • A comprehensive solution incorporating multiple sensors (e.g., radar and electro-optic systems) along with effectors, both kinetic and directed-energy based.

From Kill Chains to Kill Webs

Cardone underscored a pivotal transformation in operational strategy: the evolution from a “kill chain” to a “kill web.” This paradigm shift enables a comprehensive networking of all domain platforms, leveraging a shared sensor suite to select the most effective engagement solution. Key points include:

• Distributed Command-and-Control:

  • Establishing command nodes across domains for robust data sharing and processing.
  • Streamlining the information flow to prevent saturation of network resources.

• AI-Enhanced Solutions:

  • Integrating AI for improved resilience and operational efficacy.
  • Examples include applications in the Command Management System (CMS) and advanced imaging analyses from optical systems aboard submarines.

Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD)

Leonardo highlighted its advancements in sensors designed to counter ballistic and hypersonic threats.

Demonstrating Capabilities

• The Italian Armed Forces have developed systems capable of engaging ballistic missiles at ranges up to 1,300 kilometers.

• Participation in NATO’s biannual Exercise Formidable Shield has showcased these capabilities, with the Italian Navy’s Bande Nere successfully demonstrating its dual-band radar’s effectiveness against tactical and medium-range missile threats.

• The system’s Command-and-Control (C2) capabilities significantly enhanced shared situational awareness among allied naval forces, maintaining real-time tracking of ballistic targets throughout their trajectory.

Land-Based Integration

The integration of Leonardo’s radar systems into ground-based IAMD frameworks demonstrates adaptability across domains. Notable advancements:

• Kronos Grand Mobile High Power (GM-HP) radar integration into the SAMP/T NG system.
• Upcoming solutions for intercepting hypersonic and medium-range ballistic missiles through innovative radar technologies.

Counter Drone Technologies

In light of increased drone utilization in modern conflict, Leonardo is making strides in counter-unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) solutions. Notable offerings include:

• Modular Radar and Electro-Optic Systems:

  • Scalable options that can be deployed across various platforms.
  • Use of AI to enhance detection and identification of aerial threats.

• Kinetic Engagement Systems:

  • Development of the 30 mm X-Gun and the Lionfish 30, designed for enhanced lethality against drone swarms and loitering munitions.

Emerging Technologies

Leonardo is exploring advanced energy weapons, including Laser Direct Energy Weapons (L-DEWs) and Radio-Frequency Direct Energy Weapons (RF-DEWs). Key initiatives include:

• Collaborations with MBDA for naval applications, aiming for demonstration of high-capacity laser systems.
• Research into RF-DEW technologies with varying capacities to engage swarm drones effectively.

Conclusion

Leonardo’s comprehensive multi-domain strategy reflects a commitment to maintaining pace with evolving threats. By integrating cutting-edge technology and leveraging AI, the company positions itself at the forefront of modern defense solutions, ensuring robust capabilities for air, land, and naval engagements in today’s complex operational landscape.

All graphics related to the discussed technologies are provided courtesy of Leonardo.