Advancements in Space Domain Awareness: The RG-XX Initiative

Introduction to RG-XX Program

At the National Harbor, Maryland conference, officials from the U.S. Space Force announced plans to initiate the development of a new network aimed at enhancing space domain awareness (SDA). The draft request for proposals (RFP) for this ambitious initiative, known as the RG-XX program, is expected to be released by late 2025. This constellation of satellites will be uniquely designed to enable on-orbit refueling, a significant evolution in the military’s space capabilities.

Objectives and Capabilities

The RG-XX initiative seeks to establish a comprehensive architecture for monitoring space objects, replacing the existing Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program (GSSAP) satellites. The new constellation will be situated in geosynchronous orbit (GEO), employing technologies sourced from commercial vendors. This strategic pivot to commercially available solutions marks a departure from traditional, high-cost military procurement practices and promotes efficiency in satellite operations.

Key Features of the RG-XX Program

• On-orbit Refueling: A critical requirement that will allow for extended operational lifespans of satellites.
• Commercial Collaboration: Utilizing multiple vendors to foster a diverse and competitive supplier base, which could lead to innovative solutions and cost savings.
• Ownership Structure: The Space Force aims to retain ownership and operational control of the satellites, deviating from prior practices of contractor-owned assets.

Strategic Importance of Refueling Capabilities

Major General Stephen Purdy, serving as the acting assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition and integration, articulated the imperative for including refueling capabilities within the RG-XX platform. “This has to be a non-negotiable feature,” he asserted, highlighting the desire of U.S. Space Command for satellites that are not only maneuverable but also capable of in-space servicing.

In years past, Space Command has explicitly communicated the importance of adaptable satellites that can be both repaired and refueled off-Earth. Consequently, the Space Force has earmarked funding for research and development focused on on-orbit logistics, engaging with industry partners such as Northrop Grumman and Astroscale for practical experiments.

Challenges in Acquisition Strategy

While the RG-XX program represents forward-thinking in satellite acquisition, it is not without its challenges, particularly regarding the on-orbit refueling mandate. Budgetary constraints have historically limited the Space Force’s ability to establish dedicated refueling programs. However, RG-XX may pave the way for initial capabilities in this area.

Purdy highlighted a recent acquisition decision memorandum that initiated a thorough assessment of commercial options for this program. This was aimed at identifying rapid and cost-effective alternatives to the prototype approaches that previously dominated space acquisition discussions.

Competitive Vendor Landscape

The Space Force intends to create a competitive landscape by involving multiple commercial entities in the RG-XX contract process. The aim is clear: ensure a variety of satellites built on different technological beds capable of interoperating within the same system. “Our goal is to have various competitors contributing to this ecosystem,” Purdy explained. However, this diversity could complicate the refueling logistics, as different satellites might utilize distinct fuel types.

To address potential hurdles, the Space Force is contemplating a couple of models for integrating refueling capabilities:

• Vendor-Provided Refueling: Companies might be asked to include their own refueling technologies in their proposals.
• Outsourced Refueling Services: Alternatively, the Space Force could procure refueling services from commercial providers.

Long-Term Operational Benefits

Despite challenges, the decision to mandate refueling capabilities is anticipated to facilitate long-term sustainability of the RG-XX constellation. Purdy underscored the unrealistic expectations surrounding cost-effective satellite deployments, noting that rapid launches of low-cost satellites may not compensate for extensive operational timelines. The foundational goal remains clear: to significantly enhance the capabilities of the U.S. Space Force in monitoring and managing space traffic, thereby addressing urgent national security needs.

Next Steps and Outlook

The upcoming issuance of the draft RFP for the RG-XX program will be a defining moment for the Space Force. Following the proposal evaluations, the organization will await budgetary decisions to assess the number of satellites that can be acquired. Purdy’s clear ambition is to maximize procurement within these constraints, reflecting a pressing mission requirement for comprehensive space situational awareness.

The RG-XX Initiative not only illustrates the evolution of U.S. military space strategy but also emphasizes the growing importance of leveraging commercial innovation to maintain a competitive edge in space operations. As the program progresses, it will be pivotal to observe how these developments will reshape the landscape of space security and defense initiatives in the coming years.